singleNumber
Given a non-empty array of integers, every element appears twice except for one. Find that single one.
Examples
singleNumber([2, 2, 1]) → 1
singleNumber([4, 1, 2, 1, 2]) → 4
Starter code
function singleNumber(nums) {
}
Complexity of the optimal solution
Time O(n), space O(1). This solution leverages the property of XOR where `x ^ x = 0` and `x ^ 0 = x`. By XORing all numbers in the array, the duplicate numbers cancel each other out, leaving only the unique number. This requires one pass through the array (O(n) time) and constant extra space.